1.1
Philosophy of computer
Philosophers have discovered
computers and information technology (IT) as research topics, and a wealth of
research is taking place on philosophical issues in relation to these
technologies. The research agenda is broad and diverse. Issues that are studied
include the nature of computational systems, the ontological status of virtual
worlds, the limitations of artificial intelligence, philosophical aspects of
data modelling, the political regulation of cyberspace, the epistemology of
Internet information, ethical aspects of information privacy and security, and many
more. There are specialized journals, conference series, and academic
associations
devoted to philosophical aspects of computing and IT as well as a number of anthologies and introductions to the field [ Floridi , 1999, 2004; Moor and Bynum, 2002], and the number of publications is increasing every year.
devoted to philosophical aspects of computing and IT as well as a number of anthologies and introductions to the field [ Floridi , 1999, 2004; Moor and Bynum, 2002], and the number of publications is increasing every year.
Philosophers have not agreed,
however, on a name for the field that would encompass all this research. There
is, to be fair, not a single field, but a set of loosely related fields – such
as the philosophy of artificial intelligence, computer ethics and the
philosophy of computing – which are showing some signs of convergence and
integration. Various names have been considered for such a field, including
“philosophy of computing”, “philosophy of computer science,” “cyber philosophy”
and “philosophy of information technology”. We find none of these names sufficiently
broad in scope. Without aiming to settle the issue for good, we propose
philosophy of computing and information technology. We define philosophy of
computing and IT as the study of philosophical issues in relation to computer
and information systems, their study and design in the fields of computer
science and information systems, and their use and application in society.
We propose that on the basis of
both conceptual and historical grounds this area can be divided up into five
subfields, which we will survey in the following five sections. They are the philosophy
of computing (section 2), the philosophy of computer science (section 3), the philosophy
of artificial intelligence (AI) (section 4), the philosophy of new media and
the Internet (section 5), and computer and information ethics (section 6). Conceptually,
these areas have distinct subject matters and involve distinct philosophical
questions, as we will try to show in
these sections.
these sections.
Historically, the philosophy of
AI is the oldest area within philosophy of computing and IT; taking shape in
the 1960s, and maturing through the 1970s and 1980s. Philosophy of AI is the philosophical
study of machine intelligence and its relation to human intelligence. It is an
area of philosophy that emerged in close interaction with development in the field
of artificial intelligence. The philosophy of AI studies whether computational
systems are capable of intelligent behaviour
and human-like mental states, whether human and computer intelligence rest on the same basic principles, and studies conceptual and methodological issues within various approaches in AI. In The philosophy of computing significant work is being done since at least the 1970s.
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and human-like mental states, whether human and computer intelligence rest on the same basic principles, and studies conceptual and methodological issues within various approaches in AI. In The philosophy of computing significant work is being done since at least the 1970s.
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